Russian Bank

Russian Bank, also known as Razz or Crapette, emerged in the 19th century as a competitive two-player variant of patience card games that were sweeping European drawing rooms. The game's exact origins are debated among card game historians, though it is widely believed to have developed in Russia or Eastern Europe before spreading westward. The name "Russian Bank" became popularized in English-speaking countries during the Victorian era, when patience games experienced a golden age of popularity among the aristocracy and middle classes seeking intellectual entertainment.

The game represents a fascinating evolution in card game design, bridging the gap between solitaire and traditional two-player games. Unlike most patience games that are purely solitary, Russian Bank introduced the competitive element of "loading"—strategically forcing unwanted cards onto an opponent's tableau and waste pile. This mechanic transformed patience from a meditative solo experience into a tactical duel of card management and cunning. The compulsory play rules, which require players to move cards to foundations whenever possible, add another layer of strategy, forcing players to balance their own card advancement with defensive positioning.

Throughout the 20th century, Russian Bank maintained a dedicated following among serious card game enthusiasts and was featured prominently in authoritative game compendiums. The game's requirement for two separate decks with different backs made it distinctive and practical—the different backs prevented cheating and made gameplay easier to follow. Today, Russian Bank remains a respected classic in competitive card gaming circles, valued for its perfect blend of luck and skill, quick play time, and the satisfying combination of strategic depth with the drama of calling "Stop!" on an opponent's illegal moves. It continues to appeal to players who enjoy games requiring both tactical thinking and attentive rulekeeping.